Imithi yokugoma iyisikhali somhlaba sokunqoba ubhubhane olusha lwenyumoniya.Uma abantu bengakwazi ukuqeda ukugoma ngokushesha, kuzoba ngcono ukuthi amazwe alawule ubhubhane ngokushesha futhi agweme ukusabalala kwegciwane ngezinga elikhulu.

Ngokombiko we-Bloomberg ngomhlaka-3, inani lemithamo yokugoma emhlabeni wonke selifinyelele imithamo eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili, futhi kuthathe ngaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisi-6 ukufeza lesi senzakalo esiyingqopha-mlando.Izinga lokugoma elingu-75% liwumngcele wokuzuza ukuzivikela komhlambi.Ngokwesilinganiso samanje, kuzothatha cishe izinyanga eziyi-9 ukugoma u-75% wabantu bomhlaba.

Kusukela mhla ziyi-19 kuNhlangulana, izibalo ze-Our World in Data ze-Oxford University zibike isamba semithamo engama-2625200905 yomgomo omusha wegciwane lomqhele emhlabeni wonke, nezinga lokugoma elingu-21.67%.Imizamo yokudala umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19 ophephile futhi osebenzayo emhlabeni wonke ithela izithelo.Njengamanje, cishe imithi yokugoma engama-20 igunyazwe emhlabeni wonke;abaningi abasathuthuka.

Imithamo eyengeziwe iyeza

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi i-COVAX igeje umgomo wayo kuze kube manje ukuthi ibe nemali encane ngonyaka odlule yokuthenga imithi yokugoma, futhi ithembele kakhulu ku-Serum Institute of India ukuthi inikeze imithamo kuze kube yilapho izinkampani eziningi zinikeza imikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe ngamanani esaphulelo.KodwaI-Serumwayeka ukuthumela imithamo ethenjisiwe ngoMashi, lapho kuqhuma amacala e-COVID-19 eNdiya.Lokho kuhlinzwa sekukhuphuke kakhulu, futhi inkampani inyuse ukukhiqizwa kwayo isuka kumithamo eyizigidi ezingama-60 yomuthi wokugomela i-AstraZeneca ngenyanga iye kumithamo eyizigidi eziyi-100 kule nyanga.Umthamo ungafinyelela imithamo eyizigidi ezingama-250 njalo ngenyanga ekupheleni konyaka, inkampani itshela iSayensi.Abaholi be-COVAX bathemba ukuthi inkampani ingase iqalise kabusha ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngokushesha nje ngoSepthemba.

Novavax, osanda kubika ukuthi umuthi wokugoma wawunawo90% ukusebenza kahleecaleni elikhuluixhaswe nguhulumeni wase-US, uhlanganyele neSerum futhi.Ngokubambisana, izinkampani zingaletha imithamo eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.1 ku-COVAX ngo-2022 engaqala ukungena ezingalweni kulokhu kuwa uma i-Novavax jab idlula kanye nabalawuli.I-Biological E, omunye umkhiqizi waseNdiya, uhlela ukunikeza i-COVAX imithamo eyizigidi ezingu-200 yomgomo osuvele ugunyaziwe u-Johnson & Johnson, okufanele uqale ukuphuma emigqeni yokukhiqiza ngoSepthemba.

Imithi yokugoma ekhiqizwe ukusebenzisana kwe-Pfizer-BioNTech kanye neModerna ingase idlale indima enkulu ku-COVAX kunalokho obekulindelwe.Lezi zinkampani zenza imithi yokugoma nge-messenger RNA, edinga izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwezinga-qhwa ngesikhathi sokuthutha bese ingahlala iyintsha kuphela eziqandisini ezivamile inyanga yonke.Ukuhlakanipha okuvamile kudala ukuthi lezo zidingo, kanye namathegi amanani aphezulu emithi yokugoma, kwakusho ukuthi yayingeke isetshenziswe emhlabeni wonke.Kepha ngomhlaka-10 kuJuni, uhulumeni wase-US - onikeze i-COVAX amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili - umemezele ukuthi uzonikela ngemithamo eyizigidi ezingama-200 yomgomo we-Pfizer ku-COVAX kulo nyaka kanye nezinye izigidi ezingama-300 ngoJuni 2022,I-UPS Foundationukunikela ngamafriji emazweni adinga usizo lokugcinwa.(Akukacaci noma lo mnikelo ungaba esikhundleni sesithembiso sikahulumeni wase-US sokunikeza i-COVAX enye imali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili zamaRandi.) IModerna yanqamula isivumelwano neCOVAX ukuze idayise imithamo efinyelela ezigidini ezingama-500 yomgomo wayo ekupheleni kuka-2022.

Inani elikhulu lokugoma lingase lifike ku-COVAX livela komunye umthombo: e-China.I-WHO isanda kunikeza “ukufakwa kuhlu kokusetshenziswa kwezimo eziphuthumayo”—okudingekile ku-COVAX—kubakhiqizi ababili baseShayina,I-SinopharmfuthiI-Sinovac Biotech, esekhiqize cishe ingxenye yayo yonke imigomo esetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke kuze kube manje.U-Berkley uthi iqembu lakhe e-Gavi, elithengela i-COVAX, lixoxisana ngezivumelwano nezinkampani zombili.